2006
- 2007 Publications > Molecular
Genetics of Host Response to HIV and HCV
Molecular Genetics of Host Response to HIV and HCV
Smith et al, have identified a gene expression profile from liver biopsies
that predicts rapid progression to cirrhosis in liver transplant patients. Gastroenterology.
2006 Jan;130(1):179-87
Walters et al (2006) compared the gene expression profiles of hepatocytes
obtained from liver biopsies of patients infected with HCV or HCV/HIV. The
gene expression patterns did not differ significantly between HCV and
HCV/HIV co-infected individuals. A subset of patients show enhanced
gene expression profile that is associated with FAS-apoptosis pathway
and increased expression of lymphocyte adhesion molecules and lymphocyte-specific
genes. A partially impaired interferon type I and II response is
also observed in the EGE positive patients that is required to prevent
fibrogenic responses. The EGE positive gene expression profile
is very similar to the profile of transplant patients that develop fibrosis
within a year of receiving a liver transplant. Virology.
2006 Jul 5;350(2):453-64.
Lederer et al (2006) identified distinct gene expression profiles between
HCV and ethanol induced liver cirrhosis. HCV induce more changes
in gene expression than ethanol. The changes in gene expression
produced by HCV are characterized by innate immune reponses. In
contrast, the expression profiles of ethanol induced cirrhosis were characterized
by the induction of genes involved in the inflammatory response, oxidative
stress, and deposition of extracellular matrix components by macrophages The
stages of ethanol induced liver injury but not HCV induced liver injury
could be predicted by gene expression profiles. Virol
J. 2006 Nov 22;3:98
Thio et al (2006) report that risk of developing persistant HBV infection
in individuals with a non-functional CCR5(Delta)32 receptor is reduced
by half. Thio suggests that the CCR5 receptor contributes to viral
persistence by dampening the adaptive immune response J
Virol. 2007 Jan 81(2): 441-4
Sterling et al (2006) reports the development of a simple non-invasive
index (FIB-4)to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV
coinfection. This index is based on age, and measuring aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and platelet
(PLT) count. This non-invasive index could lead to a significant
reduction of liver biopsies. Hepatology.
2006 Jun;43(6):1317-25
The virion infectivity factor (Vif) accessory protein of HIV-1 forms
a complex with the cellular cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein
B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G) to block its antiviral
activity. The ability of Vif to block this activity is species-specific. Landau
et al (Salk) reports that A single amino acid of APOBEC3G controls its
species-specific interaction with virion infectivity factor (Vif).Schrofelbauer
et al Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 16;101(11):3927-32.
Schröfelbauer et al (2006) has now identified a four amino acid
sequence in the N-terminus region of Vif in HIV and SIV that confer species
specific interaction with ABOBEC3G. This work lays the foundation
for the development of a primate model for HIV because the species specificity
can be overcome by modifying the four amino in Vif protein in
HIV to permit infection in non-human primates by HIV. J
Virol. 2006 Jun;80(12):5984-91 |
