Tables
Table 2. Rates of
substance abuse/dependence and psychiatric comorbidity in community-based
samples (continued)
|
Study
|
N
|
Age
|
Time frame
|
Pop rate of
a (%)
|
Pop rate of
b (%)
|
Rate of a in
b (%)
|
Rate of a in not
b (%)
|
Rate of b in
a (%)
|
Rate of b in not
a (%)
|
OR
|
CI
|
|
a=substance abuse/dependence,
b=ADHD, in males
|
|
1
|
142
|
19
|
12 mo
|
12.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
4
|
411
|
14 to 16
|
lifetime
|
10.5
|
5.2
|
|
|
12.3
|
1.8
|
5.4
|
0.2, 10.6
|
|
5
|
1420
|
9 to 16
|
3 mo
|
5.7
|
|
11.3
|
1.5
|
|
|
8.4
|
5.4, 11.4
|
|
6
|
271
|
16 to 19
|
lifetime
|
12.4, 12.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
7
|
578
|
17
|
12 mo
|
22.8
|
4.8
|
14.3
|
23.3
|
3
|
5.4
|
1.3
|
0.9, 1.7
|
|
8
|
961
|
15
|
6 mo
|
6.5
|
5.7
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
3.6, 13.7
|
|
12
|
211
|
14 to 17
|
6 mo
|
7.1
|
13.8
|
|
|
68
|
10.1
|
20.3
|
7.6, 33.0
|
|
13
|
698
|
15 to 19
|
lifetime
|
11.75
|
4.15
|
28.8
|
6.7
|
25.4
|
5.7
|
5.6
|
4.3, 6.9
|
|
14
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
6.2
|
35.1
|
|
22.3
|
|
5.9
|
4.5, 7.3
|
|
15
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
6.2
|
6.2
|
|
|
25.5
|
2.5
|
13.9
|
9.8, 18.0
|
|
16
|
1710
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
8.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
18
|
2181
|
16 to 17
|
1 mo
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
20
|
476
|
18
|
12 mo
|
60.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
a=substance abuse/dependence,
b=ODD, in females
|
|
1
|
142
|
19
|
12 mo
|
12.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
4
|
363
|
14 to 16
|
lifetime
|
10.5
|
1.6
|
|
|
2.5
|
1.2
|
2.1
|
1.0, 6.3
|
|
5
|
1420
|
9 to 16
|
3 mo
|
6.3
|
|
26.2
|
1.1
|
|
|
31.8
|
21.7, 41.9
|
|
6
|
271
|
16 to 19
|
lifetime
|
5.9, 7.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
7
|
674
|
17
|
12 mo
|
20.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
8
|
961
|
15
|
6 mo
|
8.9
|
9.5
|
|
|
|
|
11.4
|
8.3, 14.5
|
|
12
|
190
|
14 to 17
|
6 mo
|
5.3
|
13.8
|
|
|
68
|
10.1
|
20.3
|
7.6, 33.0
|
|
13
|
810
|
15 to 19
|
lifetime
|
10
|
1.6
|
28.8
|
6.7
|
25.4
|
5.7
|
5.6
|
4.3, 6.9
|
|
14
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
6.2
|
35.1
|
|
22.3
|
|
6
|
4.6, 7.4
|
|
15
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
6.2
|
6.2
|
|
|
25.5
|
2.5
|
13.9
|
9.8, 18.0
|
|
16
|
1710
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
8.3
|
7.3
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
18
|
2326
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
10.4
|
21.5
|
|
4
|
25.5
|
|
3.3
|
2.7, 3.9
|
|
20
|
454
|
18
|
12 mo
|
12.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
a=substance abuse/dependence,
b=ODD, in males
|
|
1
|
142
|
19
|
12 mo
|
12.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
4
|
411
|
14 to 16
|
lifetime
|
10.5
|
1.6
|
|
|
2.5
|
1.2
|
2.1
|
1.0, 6.3
|
|
5
|
1420
|
9 to 16
|
3 mo
|
5.7
|
|
11.3
|
1.5
|
|
|
8.4
|
5.4, 11.4
|
|
6
|
271
|
16 to 19
|
lifetime
|
12.4, 12.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
7
|
578
|
17
|
12 mo
|
22.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
8
|
961
|
15
|
6 mo
|
6.5
|
12.2
|
|
|
|
|
11.4
|
8.3, 14.5
|
|
12
|
211
|
14 to 17
|
6 mo
|
7.1
|
13.8
|
|
|
68
|
10.1
|
20.3
|
7.6, 33.0
|
|
13
|
698
|
15 to 19
|
lifetime
|
11.75
|
2.58
|
28.8
|
6.7
|
25.4
|
5.7
|
5.6
|
4.3, 6.9
|
|
14
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
6.2
|
35.1
|
|
22.3
|
|
6
|
4.6, 7.4
|
|
15
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
6.2
|
6.2
|
|
|
25.5
|
2.5
|
13.9
|
9.8, 18.0
|
|
16
|
1710
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
8.3
|
7.3
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
18
|
2181
|
16 to 17
|
1 mo
|
11
|
14.4
|
|
5
|
26.2
|
|
4.8
|
4.0, 5.6
|
|
20
|
476
|
18
|
12 mo
|
60.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
a=substance abuse/dependence,
b=CD, in females
|
|
1
|
142
|
19
|
12 mo
|
12.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
4
|
363
|
14 to 16
|
lifetime
|
10.5
|
14.5
|
|
|
44.4
|
0
|
9.5
|
|
|
5
|
1420
|
9 to 16
|
3 mo
|
6.3
|
|
26.2
|
1.1
|
|
|
31.9
|
21.8, 42.0
|
|
6
|
271
|
16 to 19
|
lifetime
|
5.9, 7.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
7
|
674
|
17
|
12 mo
|
20.3
|
11.9
|
52.5
|
16
|
30.7
|
7.1
|
5.8
|
4.3, 7.3
|
|
8
|
961
|
15
|
6 mo
|
8.9
|
9.5
|
|
|
|
|
11.4
|
8.3, 14.5
|
|
12
|
190
|
14 to 17
|
6 mo
|
5.3
|
13.8
|
|
|
68
|
10.1
|
20.3
|
7.6, 33.0
|
|
13
|
810
|
15 to 19
|
lifetime
|
10
|
1.6
|
28.8
|
6.7
|
25.4
|
5.7
|
5.6
|
4.3, 6.9
|
|
14
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
6.2
|
35.1
|
|
22.3
|
|
6
|
4.6, 7.4
|
|
15
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
6.2
|
6.2
|
|
|
25.5
|
2.5
|
13.9
|
9.8, 18.0
|
|
16
|
1710
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
8.3
|
7.3
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
18
|
2326
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
10.4
|
21.5
|
|
4
|
25.5
|
|
13.9
|
9.8, 18.0
|
|
20
|
454
|
18
|
12 mo
|
12.6
|
2.2
|
60.8
|
13
|
21.4
|
2.5
|
10.6
|
3.6, 17.6
|
|
a=substance abuse/dependence,
b=CD, in males
|
|
1
|
142
|
19
|
12 mo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
4
|
411
|
14 to 16
|
lifetime
|
10.5
|
14.5
|
|
|
44.4
|
0
|
9.5
|
|
|
5
|
1420
|
9 to 16
|
3 mo
|
5.7
|
|
11.3
|
1.5
|
|
|
8.4
|
5.4, 11.4
|
|
6
|
271
|
16 to19
|
lifetime
|
12.4, 12.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
7
|
578
|
17
|
12 mo
|
22.8
|
28.5
|
38.8
|
16.5
|
48.5
|
22.6
|
4.6
|
3.6, 5.6
|
|
8
|
961
|
15
|
6 mo
|
6.5
|
12.2
|
|
|
|
|
11.4
|
8.3, 14.5
|
|
12
|
211
|
14 to 17
|
6 mo
|
7.1
|
13.8
|
|
|
68
|
10.1
|
20.3
|
7.6, 33.0
|
|
13
|
698
|
15 to 19
|
lifetime
|
11.75
|
2.58
|
28.8
|
6.7
|
25.4
|
5.7
|
5.6
|
4.3, 6.9
|
|
14
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
6.2
|
35.1
|
|
22.3
|
|
6
|
4.6, 7.4
|
|
15
|
1507
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
6.2
|
6.2
|
|
|
25.5
|
2.5
|
13.9
|
9.8, 18.0
|
|
16
|
1710
|
14 to 18
|
lifetime
|
8.3
|
7.3
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
18
|
2181
|
16 to 17
|
1 mo
|
11
|
14.4
|
|
5
|
26.2
|
|
4.8
|
4.0, 5.6
|
|
20
|
476
|
18
|
12 mo
|
60.7
|
8.6
|
60.8
|
13
|
21.4
|
2.5
|
10.5
|
6.8, 14.2
|
|
Note.
|
|
Study 1. Beitchman, Douglas,
Wilson, Johnson, Young, Atkinson, Escobar, & Taback, 1999
|
|
Study 4. Chong, Chan, &
Cheng, 1999
|
|
Study 5. Costello, Erkanli,
Federman, & Angold, 1999
|
|
Study 6. Deykin, Levy, &
Wells, 1987
|
|
Study 7. Disney, Elkins, McGue,
& Iacono, 1999
|
|
Study 8. Fergusson, Horwood,
& Lynskey, 1993
|
|
Study 12. Kandel, Johnson, Bird,
Weissman, Goodman, Lahey, Regier, & Schwab-Stone, 1999
|
|
Study 13. Lewinsohn, Hops, Roberts,
Seeley, & Andrews, 1995
|
|
Study 14. Lewinsohn, Rohde,
& Seeley, 1995
|
|
Study 15. Rohde, Lewinsohn,
& Seeley, 1996
|
|
Study 16. Rohde, Lewinsohn,
& Seeley, 1991
|
|
Study 18. Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration, 1999
|
|
Study 20. Feehan, McGee, Raja,
& Williams, 1994
|
|
ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder; CD = conduct disorder; CI = confidence interval; ODD
= oppositional defiant disorder; OR = odds ratio
|
Back to Top
Table 3. Studies that meet minimum
criteria for further analysis Revised 4/4/2000
|
Current PI
|
Number of
participants
|
# Waves |
Age range of data
|
Sex ratio
|
Race/ethnic groups (AA=
African American)
|
Timing?
|
Impair-
ment?
|
Study Title and Comments
|
| 1. Terrie Moffitt |
1,037 |
11 |
birth-26 |
1:1 |
93% White
6% Maori |
|
|
Dunedin Study. Birth cohort
from New Zealand |
| 2. Ron Kessler |
479 |
1 (2nd coming) |
15-17 |
1:1 |
74% White
15% AA |
|
|
From National Comorbidity
Survey.
10-year followup |
| 3. Frederick Gibbons |
897 |
2 |
10-13 |
1:1 |
91% AA |
? |
|
Family and Community Health
Study (offshoot of Rand Conger's IYFP, studying rural AA families) |
| 4. Rand Conger |
530 |
9-11 |
12-23 |
1:1 |
White |
|
|
Iowa Youth and Families
Project. Longitudinal study of rural families |
| 5. Peter Lewinsohn |
1,500 |
3 (interview)
7 (questionnaire)
|
14-24 |
1:1 |
91% White |
|
|
Oregon Adolescent Depression
Project |
| 6.Helen Reinherz |
400 |
7 |
5-26 |
1:1 |
98% White |
|
|
Youth in Boston |
| 7. David Fergusson |
1,200 |
20 |
birth-24 |
1:1 |
87% White 12% Maori |
|
|
Christchurch Study. Birth
cohort from New Zealand |
| 8. Hector Bird |
777 |
1 |
4-16 |
1:1 |
Puerto Rican |
? |
|
Population sample,
Puerto Rico
Cross-sectional, no onset data, but wide
age range
|
| 9. David Huizinga |
1,500 |
5 |
7-27 |
1:1 |
45% Hispanic 34% AA
12% White |
|
? (drug use only) |
Denver Youth Survey
Depression, CD, ASPD only
|
| 10. Jane Costello |
1,420 |
6 |
9-19 |
1:1 |
69% White
6% AA
25% American Indian |
|
|
Great Smoky Mountains
Study. Rural southeastern USA |
| 11. Adrian Angold |
921 |
1-3 |
9-18 |
1:1 |
55% AA
45% White |
|
|
Caring for Children in
the Community. Rural S-E USA |
| 12. Rolf Loeber |
503 |
15
|
7-20 |
Boys |
50% AA
50% White |
|
|
Pittsburgh Youth Study
Focus on development of delinquency |
| 13. Jan Beals |
109 |
1 (2) |
14-16 |
1:1 |
American Indian |
? |
|
Plains Indians study.
Followup of 44% of 249 youth studied 6 years earlier. |
| 14. Peter Jensen |
1,285 |
1
|
9-17 |
1:1 |
52% White
15% AA
28% Hispanic
6% other |
|
|
MECA Single wave at four
sites including Puerto Rico |
| 15. Peter Jensen |
W1 500
W2 350 |
2 |
9-17 |
1:1 |
28% AA
59% White
7% Hispanic |
|
|
Fort Meade Study Children
on military base. Followup of 70% 1 year later |
| 16. Robert Roberts |
W1 4,208
W2 3,156 |
2 |
11-17 |
1:1 |
36% AA
36% White
27% Mexican American |
|
|
Teen Health 2000 Random
sample from two HMOs. Limited range of comorbid Dxs |
Back to Top
|
